November

装配式旧改：清筑建筑15㎡“装配小平房”

发布者：和能人居科技阅读次数： 8702次

来源：白塔寺再生计划

在胡同改造的大潮中，建筑师们从各种角度研究阐述着对胡同文化的理解，而对胡同改造如何实现产业化鲜有研究。2016年，清华同衡的建筑师们准备在旧改中尝试采用装配式实现产业化目标，一年以后，这一想法得到了实现，设计成果在2017年的北京国际设计周进行展示，获得了社会关注，居民认可。“装配小平房”是我们第三个采用装配式进行改造的项目，它位于白塔寺宫门口四条，是片区更新的重点区域，周边已改造完多个建筑师设计的院落，形成了独具特色的胡同氛围。

In the trend of Beijing Hutong renovation, architects have studied and interpreted Hutong Culture from various angles, but few of them achieved productive results in industrialization of renovating Beijing Hutong. In 2016, architects from THUPDI accepted the challenge researching in this very field. One year later, an industrialization product was successfully developed and soon presented during 2017’s Beijing International Design Week. The product was accepted by the citizens, and in the meantime, gained social attention widely during the event."Assembly House", our third assembling renovating project, located in the fourth alley of Gongmen near Baita Abbey. The site is the key area of the whole developing area, where multiple courtyards were finished designing and renovating by architects and achieved unique characteristics and atmospheres among the block.

小平房仅有约15平米的面积，而这也是胡同中很多家庭所拥有的房屋面积，具有很强的代表性，我们在此小空间内解决了居住所需的常用功能，且坚持着实用与舒适原则，所有功能均按常规尺寸设计，尽可能减少二次体验功能。

The subject measured only 15 m2, which happened to be the same size as the houses owned by most families in this neighborhood. Therefore, it was reasonable to be regarded as representative project of this area. Under the principal of functional and comfortable designing, we managed to arrange the floor plan and set all the furniture in regular sizes, in order to minimize extra effort in living with foldaway furniture for the occupants in the limited space, which meet the occupants’ living requirements of daily life.

空间设计结合实际将其分为两种三段式，一种是立面切割，顶面为设备层，中间为生活功能，底部为架空管线层；另一种是平面切割，东面布置了日常所需的全部功能，西面为整体储物，中间是释放出的多功能区域。合理的设计使得空间形成了“一室一厅一厨一卫”的布局。

The space is designed into two types of tripartite compositions. One is vertical division: the top floor made for mechanical, the middle layer to daily use, bottoms as the open floor of pipelines. The other is horizontal division: the east part meets the whole daily requests, while the west space is used as integrative storage, with extra multi-functional released area in the middle. Rational designing leads to the proper layout of "one room, one hall and one hutch”.

室内施工全部采用装配式，设计图纸交底后施工单位仅用了12天便完成从下料到现场安装的全部过程，全程无湿作业，部品部件标准化、模块化使得施工完成度得到有效控制，减少了工人技艺的干预因素。在施工过程中，结合胡同的限制条件，已总结出一套“餐包式”的装配方式，从而使得散落平房也可以采用产业化的思路进行改造升级。

The materials of indoor construction were all prefabricated.The whole indoor constructing process took the construction company only 12 days to finish after acquiring the design drawings. There was no wet work on site, standardization and modularization was proven favorable in handling to fulfill the schedule, it was also effective in decreasing any intervention factors of workers’ skill.We have come to achieve a package type in process of construction, it adapts to hutong restrictions, in which all scattered one-story houses can be upgraded by the methods in the idea of industrialization.

随着环保压力越来越大，市场对装配的诉求越来越高，特别是大型城市建材市场的不断外迁与人力成本的上升，材料与施工成本逐年增高，实现个性化与环保将会要付出更大的代价，而采用工厂生产、现场安装的装配式施工，其造价不但可以得到控制，在材料和施工上更加环保，工艺也更可控。未来房屋智能设备将成为“标配”，出于对智能前景的看好，我们在所有装配式改造的胡同项目中均引入了智能设备。

With increasing pressure in environmental protection, market is demanding for higher standards. In metropolises, constant relocation of large construction materials market occurs; labor expenses is rising; materials and construction costs are having the tremendous growth year by year. As a result, in renovation industry, personalized and environmental-friendly practice will cost more. Thus, prefabricated construction is relatively more controllable in cost, the effect on the environment, as well as the craft technology.It is widely believed that in the future, ‘smart housing system will become a “standard feature” of each house. Being optimistic about intelligentization in housing industry, we introduced smart devices into all our current prefabricated Hutong projects.

“装配小平房”的改造具有多重意义，旧改项目中采用装配式，实际是定制的装配式，如此，为存量规划的落地提供了一种途径，也为旧城改造升级提供了全新思路。

The “Assembly House” is a significant and representative project in housing industry. To apply prefabrication technology in renovation, that is, using customized assembly materials provided a new way in both implementations of the city planning and the renovation and upgrading of old cities.